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FBI VOL00009
EFTA00194687
135 pages
Pages 121–135
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(quoted above), and having an effective date of 1999 through July 26, 2006. Sec endnotc 1 hereto. Plaintiff's Complaint alleges that Defendant's conduct occurred during the time period from the age of 17, January 2004 until approximately May 2005. Complaint, ¶117, 18. Thus, the version in effect in 2004-2005 of 18 U.S.C. §2255 applies. Under applicable law, the statute in effect at the time of the alleged conduct applies. See U.S. Scheidt, Slip Copy, 2010 WL 144837, fn. 1 (E.D.CaI. Jan. 11, 2010); U.S.I. Renga, 2009 WL 2579103, fn. 1 (ED. Cal. Aug. 19, 2009); U.S. Fercnci, 2009 WL 2579102, fn. 1 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 19, 2009); U.S. I. Monk, 2009 WL 2567831, fn. 1 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 18, 2009); U.S. Zane 2009 WL 2567832, fn.l (E.D. Cal. Aug. 18 2009). In each of these cases, the referenced footnote states — Prior to July 27, 2006, the last sentence in Section §2255(a) read "Any person as described in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to have sustained damages of no less than $50,000 in value." Under the civil statute, the minimum restitution amount for any violation of Section 2252 (the predicate act at issue) is $150,000 for violations occurring after July 27, 2006 and $50,000 for violations occurring prior to $50,000. Even with the typo (the extra "$50,000") at the end of the quoted sentence, it is clear that the Court applied the statute in effect at the time of the alleged criminal conduct constituting one of the statutorily enumerated predicate acts, which is consistent with applicable law discussed more fully below herein. It is an axiom of law that "retroactivity is not favored in the law." Bowen, 488 U.S., at 208, 109 S.Ct., at 471 (1988). As eloquently stated in Landgraf I. USI Film Products 114 S.Ct. 1483, 1497, 511 U.S. 244, 265-66 (1994): ... the presumption against retroactive legislation is deeply rooted in our jurisprudence, and embodies a legal doctrine centuries older than our Republic. Elementary considerations of fairness dictate that individuals should have an opportunity to know what the law is and to conform their conduct accordingly; settled 13 EFTA00194807
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expectations should not be lightly disrupted .This For that reason, the "principle that the
legal effect of conduct should ordinarily be assessed under the law that existed when the
conduct took place has timeless and universal appeal." Kaiser, 494 U.S., at 855, 110
S.Ct., at 1586 (SCALIA, J., concurring). In a free, dynamic society, creativity in both
commercial and artistic endeavors is fostered by a rule of law that gives people
confidence about the legal consequences of their actions.
F1418. See General Motors Corp.
Romein, 503 U.S. 181, 191, 112 S.Ct. 1105,
1112, 117 L.Ed.2d 328 (1992) ("Retroactive legislation presents problems of
unfairness that are more serious than those posed by prospective legislation, because
it can deprive citizens of legitimate expectations and upset settled transactions");
[Further citations omitted].
It is therefore not surprising that the antiretroactivity principle finds expression in
several provisions of our Constitution. The Ex Post Facto Clause flatly prohibits
retroactive application of penal legislation.PN19 Article I, § 10, el. 1, prohibits States
from passing another type of retroactive legislation, laws "impairing the Obligation of
Contracts." The Fifth Amendments Takings Clause prevents the Legislature (and other
government actors) from depriving private persons of vested property rights except for
a "public use" and upon payment of "just compensation." The prohibitions on "Bills of
Attainder" in Art. I, §§ 9-10, prohibit legislatures from singling out disfavored persons
and meting out summary punishment for past conduct. See, e.g., United States'.
Brown, 381 U.S. 437, 456-462, 85 S.Ct. 1707, 1719-1722, 14 L.Ed.2d 484 (1965). The
Due Process Clause also protects the interests in fair notice and repose that may be
compromised by retroactive legislation; a justification sufficient to validate a statute's
prospective application under the Clause "may not suffice" to warrant its retroactive
application. Usetyl. Turner Elkhorn Mining Co., 428 U.S. 1, 17, 96 S.Ct. 2882, 2893,
49 L.Ed.2d 752 (1976).
F1419. Article I contains two Ex Post Facto Clauses, one directed to Congress (§ 9,
cl. 3), the other to the States (§ 10, cl. 1). We have construed the Clauses as
applicable only to penal legislation. See Calder
Bull, 3 Dall. 386, 390-391, 1
L.Ed. 648 (1798) (opinion of Chase, J.).
These provisions demonstrate that retroactive statutes raise particular concerns. The
Legislature's unmatched powers allow it to sweep away settled expectations suddenly
and without individualized consideration. Its responsivity to political pressures poses a
risk that it may be tempted to use retroactive legislation as a means of retribution
against unpopular groups or ilividuals. As Justice Marshall observed in his opinion for
"1498 the Court in Weaver . Graham, 450 U.S. 24, 101 S.Ct. 960, 67 L.Ed.2d 17
(1981), the Ex Post Facto Clause not only ensures that individuals have "fair warning"
• about the effect of criminal statutes, but also "restricts governmental power by
restraining arbitrary and potentially vindictive legislation." Id., at 28-29, 101 S.Ct., at
963-964 (citations omitted). "a°
F1420. See Richmond'. J. A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469, 513-514, 109 5.O. 706,
732, 102 L.Ed.2d 854 (1989) ("Legislatures are primarily policymaking bodies that
promulgate rules to govern future conduct. The constitutional prohibitions against
the enactment of a post facto laws and bills of attainder reflect a valid concern
about. the use of the political process to punish or characterize past conduct of
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private citizens. It is the judicial system, rather than the legislative process, that is best equipped to identify past wrongdoers and to fashion remedies that will create the conditions that presumably would have existed had no wrong been committed") (STEVENS, J., concurring in part and concurring in judgment); James!. United States, 366 U.S. 213, 247, n. 3, 81 act. 1052, 1052, n. 3, 6 L.Ed.2d 2 6 (1961) (retroactive punitive measures may reflect "a purpose not to prevent dangerous conduct generally but to impose by legislation a penalty against specific persons or classes of persons"). These well entrenched constitutional protections and presumptions against retroactive application of legislation establish that 18 U.S.C. §2255 (2005) in effect at the time of the alleged conduct applies to the instant action, and not the amended version. B. Not only is there no clear express intent stating that the statute is to apply retroactively, but applying the current version of the statute, as amended in 2006, would be in clear violation of the Ex Post Facto Clause of the United States Constitution as it would be applied to events occurring before its enactment and would increase the penalty or punishment for the alleged crime. U.S. Const. Art. 1, §9, cl. 3, §10, cl. 1. U.S.'. Seigel, 153 F.3d 1256 (11th Cir. 1998); U.S. Edwards 162 F.3d 87 (3d Cir. 1998); and generally, Calder Bull 3 U.S. 386, 390, 1 L.Ed. 648, 1798 WL 587 (Calder) (1798). The United States Constitution provides that "[n]o Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed" by Congress. U.S. Const. art. I, § 9, cl. 3. A law violates the Ex Post Facto Clause if it " cappli[es] to events occurring before its enactment ... [and] disadvantage[s] the offender affected by it' by altering the definit n of criminal conduct or increasing the punishment for the crime." L nce Mathis 519 U.S. 433, 117 S.Ct. 891, 137 L.Ed.2d 63 (1997) (quoting Weaver Graham 450 U.S. 24, 29, 101 S.Ct. 960, 67 L.Ed.2d 17 (1981)). U.S... Siegel,153 F.3d 1256, 1259 (11th Cir. 1998). §2255 is contained in Title 18 of the United States Codes - "Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Part I. Crimes, Chap. 110. Sexual Exploitation and Other Abuse of Children." 18 U.S.C. §2255 (2005), is entitled Civil remedy for personal injuries, and imposes a presumptive minimum of damages in the amount of $50,000, should Plaintiff prove any 15 EFTA00194809
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violation of the specified criminal statutes and that she suffered personal injury and
sustained actual damages. Thus, the effect of the 2006 amendments, effective July 27,
2006, would be to triple the amount of the statutory minimum previously in effect during
the time of the alleged acts.
The statute, as amended in 2006, contains no language stating that the application
is to be retroactive. Thus, there is no manifest intent that the statute is to apply
retroactively, and, accordingly, the statute in effect during the time of the alleged conduct
is to apply. Landgraf
USI Film Products supra, at 1493, ("A statement that a statute
will become effective on a certain date does not even arguably suggest that it has any
application to conduct that occurred at an earlier date.").
This statute was enacted as part of the Federal Criminal Statutes targeting sexual
predators and sex crimes against children. H.R. 3494, "Child Protection and Sexual
Predator Punishment Act of 1998;" House Report No. 105-557, 11, 1998 U.S.C.A.N.
678, 679 (1998). Quoting from the "Background and Need For Legislation" portion of
the House Report No. 105-557, 11-16, N.R. 3494, of which 18 U.S.C. §2255 is included,
is described as "the most comprehensive package of new crimes and increased penalties
ever developed in response to crimes against children, particularly assaults facilitated by
computers."
Further showing that §2255 was enacted as a criminal penalty or
punishment, "Title II — Punishing Sexual Predators," Sec. 206, from House Report No.
105-557, 5-6, specifically includes reference to the remedy created under §2255 as an
additional means of punishing sexual predators, along with other penalties and
punishments. Senatorial Comments in amending §2255 in 2006 confirm that the creation
of the presumptive minimum damage amount is meant as an additional penalty against
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those who sexually exploit or abuse children. 2006 WL 2034118, 152 Cong. Rec. S8012- 02. Senator Kerry refers to the statutorily imposed damage amount as "penalties." Id. The cases of U.S. I. Siegel, supra (11th Cir. 1998), and U.S. . Edwards, supra (3d Cir. 1998), also support Defendant's position that application of the current version of 18 U.S.C. §2255 would be in clear violation of the Ex Post Facto Clause. In Siegel, the Eleventh Circuit found that the Ex Post Facto Clause barred application of the Mandatory Victim Restitution Act of 1996 (MVRA) to the defendant whose criminal conduct occurred before the effective date of the statute, 18 U.S.C. §3664(f)(1)(A), even though the guilty plea and sentencing proceeding occurred after the effective date of the statute. On July 19, 1996, the defendant Siegel pleaded guilty to various charges under 18 U.S.C. §371 and §1956(a)(1)(A), (conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud, bank fraud, and laundering of money instruments; and money laundering). He was sentenced on March 7, 1997. As part of his sentence, Siegel was ordered to pay $1,207,000.00 in restitution under the MVRA which became effective on April 24, 1996. Pub.L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214, 1229-1236. The 1996 amendments to MVRA required that the district court must order restitution in the full amount of the victim's loss without consideration of the defendant's ability to pay. Prior to the enactment of the MVRA and under the former 18 U.S.C. §3664(a) of the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 (VWPA), Pub.l. No. 97-291, 96 Stat. 1248, the court was required to consider, among other factors, the defendant's ability to pay in determining the amount of restitution. When the MVRA was enacted in 1996, Congress stated that the amendments to the VWPA "shall, to the extent constitutionally permissible, be effective for sentencing proceedings in cases in which the defendant is convicted on or after the date of enactment 17 EFTA00194811
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of this Act [Apr. 24, 1996]." Siegel, supra at 1258. The alleged crimes occurred between February, 1988 to May, 1990. The Court agreed with the defendant's position that 1996 MVRA "should not be applied in reviewing the validity of the court's restitution order because to do so would violate the Ex Post Facto Clause of the United States Constitution. See U.S. Const. art I, §9, cl. 3." The Ex Post Facto analysis made by the Eleventh Circuit in Siegel is applicable to this action. In resolving the issue in favor of the defendant, the Court first considered whether a restitution order is a punishment. Id, at 1259. In determining that restitution was a punishment, the Court noted that §3663A(a)(I) of Title 18 expressly describes restitution as a "penalty." In addition, the Court also noted that "[a]lthough not in the context of an cx post facto determination, ... restitution is a 'criminal penalty meant to have strong deterrent and rehabilitative effect.' United States'. Twitty 107 F.3d 1482, 1493 n. 12 (11th Cir.1997)." Second, the Court considered "whether the imposition of restitution under the MVRA is an increased penalty as prohibited by the Ex Post Facto Clause." Id, at 1259. In determining that the application of the 1996 MVRA would indeed run afoul of the Constitution's Ex Post Facto Clause, the Court agreed with the majority of the Circuits that restitution under the 1996 MVRA was an increased penalty? "The effect of the MVRA can be detrimental to a defendant. Previously, after considering the defendant's financial condition, the court had the discretion to order restitution in an amount less than the loss sustained by the victim. Under the MVRA, however, the court 7 The Eleventh Circuit, in holding that "the MVRA cannot be applied to a person whose criminal conduct occurred prior to April 24, 1996," was "persuaded by the majority of districts on this issue." "Restitution is a criminal penalty carrying with it characteristics of criminal punishment." Siegel, supra at 1260. The Eleventh Circuit is in agreement with the Second, Third, Eighth, Ninth, and D.C. Circuits. See U.S. Futrell 209 F.3d 1 1286, 1289-90 (11th Cir. 2000). 18 EFTA00194812
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must order restitution to each victim in the full amount." Id, at 1260. See also U.S. I. Edwards 162 F.2d 87 (3"I Circuit 1998). In the instant case, in answering the first question, it is clear that that imposition of a minimum amount of damages, regardless of the amount of actual damages suffered by a minor victim, is meant to be a penalty or punishment. Sec statutory text and Ilouse Bill Reports, cited above herein, consistently referring to the presumptive minimum damages amount under §2255 as "punishment" or "penalties." According to the Ex Post Facto doctrine, although §2255 is labeled a "civil remedy," such label is not dispositive; "if the effect of the statute is to impose punishment that is criminal in nature, the ex post facto clause is implicated." See generally, Roman Catholic Bishop of Oakland I. Superior Court 28 Cal.Rptr.3d 355, at 360, citing Kansas Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346, 360-61 (1997). The effect of applying the 2006 version of §2255 would be to triple the amount of the presumptive minimum damages to a minor who proves the elements of her §2255 claim. The fact that a plaintiff proceeding under §2255 has to prove a violation of a criminal statute and suffer personal injury to recover damages thereunder, further supports that the imposition of a minimum amount, regardless of a victim's actual damages sustained, is meant and was enacted as additional punishment or penalty for violation of criminal sexual exploitation and abuse of minors. Accordingly, this Court is required to apply the statute in effect at the time of the alleged criminal acts. Not only is there no language in the 2006 statute stating that it is to apply retroactively, but further, such application of the 2006 version of 18 U.S.C. §2255 to acts that occurred prior to its effective date would have a detrimental and punitive 19 EFTA00194813
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effect on Defendant by tripling the presumptive minimum of damages available to a plaintiff, regardless of the actual damages suffered.8 C. As discussed above, 18 U.S.C. §2255 was enacted as part of the criminal statutory scheme to punish and penalize those who sexually exploit and abuse minors, and thus, the Ex Post Fact Clause prohibits a retroactive application of the 2006 amended version. Even if one were to argue that the statute is "civil" and the damages thereunder are "civil" in nature, under the analysis provided by the United States Supreme Court in Landgraf I. USI Film Products, 511 U.S. 244, 114 S.Ct. 1483 (1994), pertaining to civil statutes, not only is there no express intent by Congress to apply the new statute to past conduct, but also, the clear effect of retroactive application of the statute would be to increase the potential liability for past conduct from a minimum of $50,000 to $150,000, and thus in violation of the constitutional prohibitions against such application. As noted, 18 U.S.C. §2255 is entitled "Civil remedy for personal injuries." Notwithstanding this label, the statute was enacted as part of the criminal statutory scheme to punish those who sexually exploit and abuse minors. Regardless of the actual damages suffered or proven by a minor, as long as a minor proves violation of a specified statutory criminal act under §2255 and personal injury, the defendant is held liable for the statutory imposed minimum. Notwithstanding the above legal analysis, in the recent case of Individual Known to Defendant As 08MIST096.JPG and 08mist067.ipg Falso, 2009 WL 4807537 (N.D. N.Y. Dec. 9, 2009), United States District Court for the Northern District of New York s Plaintiff has attempted to allege 6 counts pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §2255. If it is Plaintiff's position that she is entitled to the minimum damage amount on each count, regardless of her actual damages, the absurdity of a retroactive application is more magnified. Clearly, the result is an unconstitutional increase in either a penalty or civil liability. 20 EFTA00194814
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addressed the issue of whether §2255 is a civil or criminal statute for purposes of the constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy. The New York Court stated that "looking to the plain language of §2255(a), it is clear that the statutory intent was to provide a civil remedy. This is exemplified by the title ... and the fact that the statute aims to provide compensation to individuals who suffered personal injury as a result of criminal conduct against them." The New York Court in analyzing whether §2255 violated the Constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy, concluded that although the behavior to which §2255 is criminal, it did not find that the "primary aim" was "retribution and deterrence." "The statute serves civil goals." The "primary aim" is "the compensation for personal injuries sustained as a result of criminal conduct." Therefore, because Jane Doc 103 has invoked the provisions of the criminal Non- Prosecution Agreement (NPA) between EPSTEIN and USAO (see paragraphs 25 and 26 of complaint), plaintiff cannot avoid the full protection of the rule of lenity and due process to which EPSTEIN is entitled in the context of these unique factual circumstances. Although there does not exist any definitive ruling of whether the damages awarded under §2255 are meant as criminal punishment or a civil damages award, Defendant is still entitled to a determination as a matter of law that the statute in effect at the time of the alleged criminal conduct applies. As explained by the Landgraf court, supra at 280, and at 1505,9 9 In Landgraf, the United States Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the Court of Appeals and refused to apply new provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 to conduct occurring before the effective date of the Act. The Court determined that statutory text in question, §102, was subject to the presumption against statutory retroactivity. 21 EFTA00194815
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When a case implicates a federal statute enacted after the events in suit, the court's first task is to determine whether Congress has expressly prescribed the statute's proper reach. If Congress has done so, of course, there is no need to resort to judicial default rules. When, however, the statute contains no such express command, the court must determine whether the new statute would have retroactive effect, i.e., whether it would impair rights a party possessed when he acted, increase a party's liability for past conduct, or impose new duties with respect to transactions already completed. If the statute would operate retroactively, our traditional presumption teaches that it does not govern absent clear congressional intent favoring such a result. Here, there is no clear expression of intent regarding the 2006 Act's application to conduct occurring well before its enactment. Clearly, however, as discussed in part B herein, the presumptive minimum amount of damages of $150,000 was enacted as a punishment or penalty upon those who sexually exploit and abuse minors. See discussion of House Bill Reports and Congressional background above herein. The amount triples the previous amount for which a defendant might be found liable, regardless of the amount of actual damages a plaintiff has suffered and proven. The new statute imposes a substantial increase in the monetary liability for past conduct. As stated in Landaraf, "the extent of a party's liability, in the civil context as well as the criminal, is an important legal consequence that cannot be ignored." Courts have consistently refused to apply a statute which substantially increases a party's liability to conduct occurring before the statute's enactment. Landaraf, supra at 284-85. Even if plaintiff were to argue that retroactive application of the new statute "would vindicate its purpose more fully," even that consideration is not enough to rebut the presumption against retroactivity. Id, at 285-86. "The presumption against statutory retroactivity is founded upon sound considerations of general policy and practice, and accords with long held and widely shared expectations about the usual operation of legislation." Id. Thus, Plaintiff's action should be dismissed and she should be required to plead her action under the applicable version of 18 U.S.C. §2255. 22 EFTA00194816
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Motion For More Definite Statement and To Strike, Rule 12(e) and (fl, F.R.C.P. As noted above, Plaintiff alleges that she was 17 year old high school student as of January, 2004, and that the alleged conduct involving EPSTEIN. occurred "between approximately January 2004 and May 2005. Thus, Plaintiff had to be 18 (no longer a minor) by January of 2005. Under the principles of statutory construction, the language of §2255(a) is clear — "Any minor who is a victim of a violation of section ...of this title and who suffers personal injury as a result of such violation may sue in any appropriate United States District Court and shall recover the actual damages such minor sustains and the cost of the suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee. Any minor as described in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to have sustained damages of no less than $50,000 in value." As Plaintiff's date of birth is significant to her §2255 claim, she should be required to more definitely state her date, of birth so that Defendant and this Court are able to determine precisely when she reached the age of majority. (The age of majority under both federal and state law is 18 years old. Sec 18 U.S.C. §2256(1), defining a "minor" as "any person under the age of eighteen years;" and §1.01, Definitions, Fla. Stat., defining "minor" to include "any person who has not attained the age of 18 years.") In addition, when Plaintiff reached the age of majority may impact her ability to even assert a §2255 claim. See §2255(b). To the extent that Plaintiff is relying on any alleged conduct that occurred after her 18 birthday as an clement of her §2255 claim, such allegations should be stricken as immaterial and she should be required to more definitely state the dates of the alleged conduct. See Rule 12(0. Defendant also seeks to strike ¶¶l0, II, 12, 13, 14, IS, and 16, 23 EFTA00194817
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of Plaintiff's Complaint as immaterial and impertinent. None of the allegations in those paragraphs specifically pertain to the Plaintiff. Not until ¶17 does Plaintiff assert allegations pertaining to her and the conduct of Defendant directly involving her. What EPSTEIN may or may not have allegedly done with respect to other alleged girls does not effect Plaintiff's claim brought pursuant to §2255. The allegations in ¶¶10-16 are not related to the elements of Plaintiff's §2255 claim and, thus, are required to be stricken. Conclusion Pursuant to the above, Plaintiff entire action is required to be dismissed. 18 U.S.C. §2255 allows for a single recovery of the actual damages sustained in proven; neither the "actual damages" sustained not the statutory minimum is subject to duplication or multiplication on a per violation or per count or per incident basis. Also, the statute in effect during the time of the alleged conduct applies, not the version as amended, effective July 27, 2006. Count VI is also required to be dismissed as it relies on a statutory predicate act that did not take effect until 2006. In addition, Plaintiff should be required to more definitely state her date of birth, and any conduct occurring after her 18th birthday should be stricken, and ¶¶10 — 16 of the Complaint should also be stricken. WHEREFORE, Defendant requests that this Court dismiss the entire action against him, and further grant his motion for more definite statement and to strike. Robert D. Critton, Esq. Attorney for Defendant Certificate of Service I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true copy of the foregoing was electronically filed with the Clerk of the Court using CM/ECF. I also certify that the foregoing document is 24 EFTA00194818
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being served this day on all counsel of record identified on the following Service List in the manner specified by CM/ECF on this day of , 2010. Robert C. Josefsberg, Esq. Katherine W. Ezell, Esq. Podhurst Orseck, P.A. 25 West Flagler Street, Suite 800 Miami, FL 33130 305 358-2800 Fax: 305 58-2382 josefsberglanodhurst.com kezell@podhurst.com Counsel for Plaintiff Jack Alan Goldberger, Esq. Atterbury Goldberger & Weiss, P.A. 250 Australian Avenue South Suite 1400 West Palm Beach, FL 33401-5012 561-659-8300 Fax: 561-835-8691 iaxesq®bellsouth.net Counsel for Defendant Jeffrey Epstein Respectfully submitted, By: ROBERT D. CR1TTON, JR., ESQ. Florida Bar No. 224162 rerit@bclelaw.com MICHAEL J. PIKE, ESQ. Florida Bar #617296 mpike@bcIclaw.com BURMAN, CRITTON, LUTHER & COLEMAN 515 N. Flagler Drive, Suite 400 West Palm Beach, FL 33401 561/842-2820 Phone 561/515-3148 Fax (Counsel for Defendant Jeffrey Epstein) 18 USCA 62255 (1999-July 264006): PART I-CRIMES CHAPTER 110-SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN § 2255. Civil remedy for personal injuries (a) Any minor who is a victim of a violation of section 2241(c), 2242 2243, 2251, 2251A. 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423 of this title 25 EFTA00194819
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a • c and who suffers personal injury as a result of such violation may sue in any appropriate United States District Court and shall recover the actual damages such minor sustains and the cost of the suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee. Any minor as described in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to have sustained damages of no less than S50,000 in value. (b) Any action commenced under this section shall be barred unless the complaint is filed within' six years after the right of action first accrues or in the case of a person under a legal disability, not later than three years after the disability. CREDIT(S) (Added )'ub.L. 99-500. Title I. 6 101(b) [Title VII, § 703(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-75, and amended Pub.L. 99-591. Title I, 4 101(b) [Title VII, § 703(a)), Oct 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-75• Pub.L. 105-314, Title VI. 4 605, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2984.) 18 U.S.C. 42255, as amended 2006. Effective July 27, 2006: PART 1--CRIMES CHAPTER 110--SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND OTHER ABUSE OF CHILDREN § 2255. Civil remedy for personal injuries (a) In general.--Any person who, while a minor, was a victim of a violation of section 2241(c), 2242 2243, 2251, 2251A, 7252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423 of this title and who suffers personal injury as a result of such violation, regardless of whether the injury occurred while such person was a minor, may sue in any appropriate United States District Court and shall recover the actual damages such person sustains and the cost of the suit, including a reasonable. attorney's fee. Any person as described in the preceding sentence shall be deemed to have sustained damages of no less than $150,000 in value. (b) Statute of limitations.—Any action commenced under this section shall be barred unless the complaint is filed within six years after the right of action first accrues or in the case of a person under a legal disability, not later than three years after the disability. CREDIT(S) (Added Pub.L. 99-500. Title I.6 101(b) [Title VII, § 703(a)), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-75, and amended Pub.L. 99-591 Title 1.6 101(b) [Title VII, § 703(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-75; Pub.L. 105-314. Title VI. 6 605, 26 EFTA00194820
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Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2984; Pub.L. 109-248. Title VII, 6 707(b). (c), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 650.) 2 Paragraphs 30, 34, 38, 43, 48, and 52 of Plaintiff's Complaint alleges: 30. As a direct and proximate result of the offenses enumerated in 18 U.S.C. §2255 being committed against the then minor Plaintiff by Defendant, Plaintiff has in the past suffered, and will in the future continue to suffer, physical injury, pain and suffering, emotional distress, psychological and/or psychiatric trauma, mental anguish, humiliation, confusion, embarrassment, loss of educational opportunities, loss of self-esteem, loss of dignity, invasion of her privacy, separation from her family, and other damages associated with Defendant manipulating and leading her into a perverse and unhealthy way of life. The then minor Plaintiff incurred medical and psychological expenses, and Plaintiff will in the future suffer additional medical and psychological expenses. Plaintiff has suffered a loss of income, a loss of the capacity to earn income in the future, and a loss of the capacity to enjoy life. These injuries are permanent in nature, and Plaintiff will continue to suffer these losses in the future. * The "Wherefore" clauses in each of the six counts are also identical — WHEREFORE Plaintiff demands judgment against Defendant for all damages available under 18 U.S.C. §2255, including, without limitation, actual and compensatory damages, attorney's fees, costs of suit, and such other relief this Court deems just and proper, and hereby demands trial by jury on all issues triable as of right by a jury. 27 EFTA00194821
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