EFTA00640609

From: middle.east.update <middle.east.update(ipinst.org> 
To: "jeevaeationggmail.com" <jeevacation@gmail.com> 
Subject: From Terje Rod-Larsen 
Date: Wed, 08 Jun 2011 22:08:13 +0000 
Middle East Update 
June 1-6, 2011 
Middle East Update presents a summary of on-going developments in the Arab world based on information from the Arabic 
press, expert analyses, and other sources. This service is provided by the International Peace Institute (IPI) exclusively 
to its major donors. The views expressed in the Middle East Update do not necessarily represent those of IPI. 
Syria 
Syrian authorities are employing a combination of military and political measures in an effort to quell the  growing violence 
and unrest. Damascus announced a reform package early last week that included amnesty for crimes committed prior to 
May 31, 2011. Opposition members quickly dismissed the announcement as too little too late, as it would not pardon 
political prisoners, only reduce their sentences. Most importantly, the proposed reforms would not abolish Article 8 of the 
constitution that stipulates the Baath party to be the leader of state and society. The opposition contends that the 
maintenance of Article 8 will only serve as an obstacle to a peaceful path to democracy. 
Last Wednesday, President Assad issued a presidential decision announcing the formation of a committee charged with 
formulating an agenda for a national dialogue. The committee is chaired by Vice President Farouk al-Sharaa. 
Exiled opposition figures met in the Turkish city of Antalya early last week in support of the Syrian revolution and to create 
a roadmap for a democratic transition in Syria. This movement has been largely leaderless and disorganized. The meeting 
gathered three hundred and fifty activists from a broad spectrum of ideological and ethnic backgrounds including 
representatives of the Kurds, Arabs, Alawaites, Druze, and Christians. Delegates called on President Bashar Assad to 
resign immediately, but were unable to reach a consensus on a plan to achieve democratic change. 
At the conclusion of the Antalya meeting, the representatives elected a 31-member advisory council to act as the 
international representative of the opposition and to provide logistical support to protesters inside Syria. The election of a 
nine-member administrative committee was postponed to a future meeting. Syrian authorities view the conference as a 
foreign conspiracy purportedly financed by the Ford Foundation. 
A second  group of Syrian opposition figures—most of whom did not participate in the Antalya meeting—assembled in 
Brussels to support the protest movement. The participants agreed to form a committee to provide assistance to the protest 
movement and called for an independent inquiry into the violent repression of protesters. The Brussels meeting did not 
claim to speak for the protest movement, but offered its support to the call for an end to the Assad regime. 
Syrian authorities cut off most internet services and mobile data on Friday morning following a renewed round of unrest 
and an escalation in violence. This move aimed to limit protesters' ability to plan demonstrations and to disseminate 
information abroad. 
Demonstrators in Hama were met by gunfire as they marched toward the town center carrying flowers for members of the 
security forces. The police fired no warning shots, but shot to kill. Funerals were held on Saturday, despite the sixty tanks 
stationed outside the city's southern gate. Ten people were killed in Hama on Saturday and an additional ten protesters 
were killed in neighboring provinces. 
Reports by human rights activists indicate that forty-one civilians in Restan, a suburb of Homs, were shot dead by Syrian 
security forces. 
Yemen 
President Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime is fighting on three fronts—the tribesmen the protesters, and the international 
community—to retain  power. 
EFTA00640609

The tribal response is of great concern to the regime as tribesmen are joining the uprising in large numbers. In addition, 
units of the First Armored Division are now supporting Sheikh Sadiq al-Ahmar, the leader of the Hashid tribe. Ahmar 
loyalists successfully blocked a convoy of heavy tanks sent by the Republican Guard--commanded by Saleh's son--to 
reinforce army defenses. Tribes from the Taiz province and beyond agreed to send fighters—already engaging President's 
Saleh military units—to the city to protect the demonstrators. Saleh will likely shift his focus from the peaceful youth 
demonstrations to the tribal uprisings. 
The ceasefire between government forces and the supporters of Sheikh Ahmar came to an end on last Monday. The 
agreement stipulated that Ahmar's supporters would withdraw from the government ministries they were occupying and 
that Saleh's forces would withdraw from the building they had seized near the Sheikh's residence. Hashid's tribesmen 
vacated some local administration buildings, but the ceasefire fell through when the government failed to fulfill its parts of 
the agreement. The President may have felt that the agreement gave too much authority to the tribal leaders challenging 
the regime's power, 
Last week's government crackdown against peaceful protesters in Tails Freedom Square—where 103 protesters were 
killed and up to 1000 wounded—has evoked an international outcry. 
Civilians are fleeing heavy fighting in Sanaa and in Zinjibar, a city that government troops are attempting to recapture from 
al-Qaeda fighters. 
Fighting will likely continue in the absence of an initiative to end it. The opposition will not accept a coalition government 
including the ruling party after the violence of the last ten days. One alternative is to create a transitional council—
comprised of youth protesters, independent experts, and members of the opposition parties—to guide the transition until a 
new constitution has been drafted and put to a referendum, and fair elections have been held. The ongoing violence 
continues to thwart the mediation efforts of the Gulf Cooperation Council. 
The US and Saudi governments are concerned that the instability in Yemen will allow AI-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 
(AQAP) to gain a stronghold in the country and fears of a spillover effect to neighboring Gulf countries have grown. Last 
Saturday, Saudi leadership, weary of Saleh's diminishing authority and increasingly tenuous control of the armed forces, 
has reportedly mediated a one-week ceasefire between the ruling party officials and the rebel tribesmen. Washington 
continues to pressure Saleh to step down. 
President Saleh and several top Yemeni officials—including the prime minister, the speakers of the parliament, and 
members of the consultative council—were injured in an attack during Friday prayers last week. The President suffered 
head, face, and neck injuries after a hidden explosive device detonated inside the presidential mosque. Saleh had, for 
security reasons, opted to pray in the presidential compound rather than attend a public rally. Saleh initially accused the 
Ahmar family of being behind the attack but, after further investigation, determined that Al-Qaeda was the likely perpetrator. 
Most experts in Yemen believe that it was an inside job. President Saleh flew to Saudi Arabia for medical treatment shortly 
after. 
Vice President Abdu Rabo Mansour has been left in charge while Saleh recuperates in Saudi Arabia. According to reports, 
President Saleh's son and nephews have prevented Mansour from governing effectively. 
Bahrain 
Protests resumed on June 1 following the lifting of emergency law. The king announced last week that a dialogue with the 
opposition would commence on July 1. The Obama Administration considered the call for national dialogue to be a 'step in 
the right direction." 
The Crown Prince of Bahrain and the country's foreign minister met with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon late last 
week. Bahraini officials informed the Secretary-General that Manamah has decided to form two committees, one to start an 
unconditional dialogue with the opposition and the other to investigate the security forces' handling of protesters. Since the 
protests began in March, at least thirty people have been killed and more than one hundred people have been arrested 
including opposition leaders. 
Libya 
For the first time in its Libyan campaign, NATO has employed attack helicopters against Qaddafi's forces. NATO 
commanders believe the introduction of these helicopters, which can attack with precision accuracy, could make a decisive 
difference in a conflict that has reached a stalemate. After 3640 sorties, and with the cost of the campaign mounting and 
stress on aircrews growing, finding a way to break the stalemate has become a priority. 
EFTA00640610

For requests and information, please contact middle.east.update@ipinst.org
EFTA00640611