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"Prince Andrew" redirects here. For other uses see Prince Andrew littiambigitaliga 
Prince Andrew 
Duke of York (ma) 
at 'Andrew standiugoiskougysplakjog 
The Duke of York in 2013 
Born 
Spouse 
Issue 
19 February 1960 (age 62) 
Buckingham Palace. London, England 
SangthagThign 
())), 1986; ay. 1996) 
• princess licanire 
• princess Engage 
Names 
Andrew Albert Christian Edward 
House 
Windsor
Father 
prince Philip  Duke of Edinburgh 
Mother 
Flizabeth li 
li neation 
• Gordonstoun
• Britannia RQyal Naval College 
Signature 
jgnature of Prince Andrew, Duke of York  pug 
Military career 
Allegiance 
United Kingdom 
Service/branch 
Rs YALNitri 
Years of active service 
1979-2001 
Rank 
Vice Admiral 
Battles/wars 
Falklands War 
• The KillP 
The Queen Consort 
o The Prince of Wales 
The Princess of Wales 
• Prince George of Wales 
• Princess Charlotte of Wales 
• Prince Louis of Wales 
O The Duke of Susses 
The Duchess of Sussex 
• The Princess Rotid 
• The Duke of York 
o princess Beatrice 
o Princess Eugenie 
• The Earl of Wessex and Forfar 
The Countess of Wessex and Forfar 
Royal familyaf 
the United Kingdom and the 
other Commonwealth realms 
..,Badge of the House of Windsor 
https:llen.wikipedia.orglwiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of York 
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Prince Andrew, Duke of York - Wikipedia 
o 10.1 Footnotes 
o 10 2 Citations 
• II Bibliography. 
• lLEmernal links 
Early life 
Gordonstoun school in Scotland 
Queen Elizabeth 11, Prince Philip, 
Prince Andrew, and Prince 
Edward at the opening of the  1978
Commonwealth Games in 
Edmonton, Alberta 
Andrew was 
in the eB
an Suite of Baddimharn Palace on 19 February 1960 at 3:30 p.m.,[23 the ird chil and 
or 
an Prince Philip, D .k of rdinb rraR He was baptised in the palace's Music Room on April 1960. 
Andrew was the first child born to a reigning British monarch since the reign of Queen Victoria.= As with his siblings, Charles,
Anne, and Fdward, Andrew was looked after by a governess, who was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace. 
LIZ] He was sent to Beatherdown School near Ascot in Berkshire.= In September 1973, he entered Gordonstoun, in northern 
Scotland, which his father and elder brother had also attended. 
He was nicknamed "the Sniggerer" by his schoolmates at 
Gordonstoun, because of "his penchant for off-colour jokes, at which he laughed inordinately".== While there, he spent six 
months—from January to Junc 1977—participating in an exchange programme to Lairefieldciallegg School in Canada. nal He 
left Gordonstoun in July two years later with A-levels= in English, history, and economics.= 
Military service 
Royal Navy 
The Royal Household announced in November 1978 that Andrew would join the Ray 
the following year. In December, he 
underwent various sporting tests and examinations at the Aircrew Selection Centre at RAF Biggin Hill, along with further tests 
and interviews at HMS Daedalus and interviews at the Admiralty Interview Board, HMS Suitap. During March and April 1979, 
he was enrolled at the Royal Naval College Flight, undergoing pilot training, until he was accepted as a trainee helicopter pilot 
and signed on for 12 years from II May 1979. On 1 September of the same year, Andrew was appointed as a midshipman, and 
entered Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. During 1979 he also completed the Royal Marines All Arms Commando 
Course for which he received his Green Beret. (121 He was commissioned as a sub-lieutenanr on I September 1981 and appointed 
to the Trained Strength on 22 October.= 
After passing out from Dartmouth, Andrew went on to elementary flying training with the Royal Air Force at RAF Leemiog, and 
later, basic flying training with the navy at kijviS Sea ha wk, where he learned to fly the Gazelle helicopter.= After being awarded 
his wings, he moved onto more advanced training on the Sea King helicopter, and conducted operational flying training until 
1982. He joined carrier-based squadron, 820 Naval Air S,quadro0, serving aboard the aircraft carrier, HMS Invincible. (111
Falklands War 
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Prince Andrew, Duke of York - VVildpedia 
• The Duke of Gloucester 
Thc_Duchess of Gloucester 
• The Duke of Kent 
The Duchess of Kent 
• Princess Alexandra 
• Prince Michael of Kent 
Princess Michael of Kent 
Asoc_e 
• 
I/ 
• I 
• e 
Prince Andrew, Duke of York, lam, GCVO. Q  (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960) is a member of the 
British royal family. The third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth Ii and Prince Philip  Duke of Edinburgh, he is eighth in 
the line of succession to the British throne and the first person in the line who is not a descendant of his older brother, Ling 
Charles 
Andrew served in the agyaUSityy as a helicopter pilot and instructor and as the captain of a warship. During the Falklands War 
he flew on multiple missions including anti-surface warfare casualty evacuation, and Fxocet missile decoy. In 1986, he married 
Sarah Ferettliat and was made Duke of York. They have two daughters: Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie. Their marriage, 
separation in 1992, and divorce in 1996 attracted extensive media coverage. Andrew served as the UK's Special. representative 
for International Trade and Investment for 10 years until July 2011. 
In 2014. the American-Australian campaigner yirginja Giuffre alleged that, as a 17 -year-old. she was Sex-trafficked to Andrew by
the American financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrgy_Eastein. Andrew denied any wronadoing.121111- 1 Following criticism 
for his association with Epstein, Andrew resigned from public roles in May 2020,15-land his honorary military affiliations and 
royal charitable patronsges were removed by the Queen in January 2022.1e 1) He was the defendant in a civil lawsuit over sexual 
assault filed by Giuffre in the State of New York. The lawsuit was settled out of court in February 2022.[A] 
Contends 
• I Early_life 
• 2fliklary service
o 2.1 Royal Nay)! 
o 7.2 Falklands War 
O 2.3 Career naval officer 
• 3 Personal life 
o 3.l Personal intent 
O 3.2 Relationship with Koo Stark 
o 3 3 Marriageloistslihrgusgn
o 3.4 Health 
• 4 Allgidations of sexual abuse 
o gaidirgylpstein and related associations 
O 4.2 Newstagiu interview 
o 43 Civil lawsuit 
O Mao:emt 
• 5 Activities and charitable work 
• 6 Controversies and other incidents 
o 6 1 Special Representative for International Trade and Investment 
o 6.2 Allegegkegmmentsagogruption and Kazakhstan 
o 6.3 Arms
o 6.4 Reaction to election to the Royal Society. 
O 6.5 Allegations of racist language
O 6.6 Alkgstions of ramming gates in Windsor Great Pads 
o 6 7 Treatment of reporters servants and others 
o 6 8 Finance and debt  problems 
• 7 Titles_stylgs, honours and arms 
o 7.1 Titles
o 7.2 Honours 
o 73 Arms 
• 8 Issue 
• 2AngsltrY. 
• 10 References 
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Prince Andrew, Duke of York - Wikipedia 
payment. The paper said that Andrew did not know of the situationgdi In July 2011, Sarah stated that her multi-million pound 
debts had been cleared due to the intervention of her former husband, whom she compared to a "knight on a white charger' .W24
Health 
On 2 June 2022, Andrew tested positive for (-OVID-19, and it was announced that he would not be present at the Platinutrt 
Jubilee National Service of Tbanksgjyjng at St Paul's Cathedral on 3 June. 
Allegations o 
Jeffrey Epstein and related associations 
Andrew was friends with Jeffrey EDSteitl, an American financier who was convicted ofjex traffickkg in 2008J3BC News 
reported in March 2011 that the friendship was producing "a steady stream of criticism". and there were calls for him to step down 
from his role as trade envoy.= Andrew was also criticised 
the media after his former wife, 
d that he helped 
e for Epstein to pay off £15,000 of 
been photographed 
11ing with 
CentralEark during a visit 
11 , Andrew's role as 
unmated and he 
y cut all ties with Epstein.= 
On 30 December 2014, a Florida court filing by lawyers Bradley J. Edwards and Paul G. Cassell alleged that Andrew was one of 
several prominent figures, including lawyer Alan Dcrshowit7 and "a former prime minister",= to have  participated in sexual 
activities with a minol later identified as Ygginia Giuffre (then known by her maiden name Virginia Roberts),(10) who was 
allegedly trafficked by Epstein.I211 An affidavit from Giuffre was included in an earlier lawsuit from 2008 accusing the US JUStife 
12.eftallMent of violating the crime Victims' RighisAct during Epstein's first criminal case by not allowing several of his victims 
to challenge his *ideal; Andrew was otherwise not a party to the lawsuit.121)
In January 2015, there was renewed media and public pressure for Buckingham Palace to explain Andrew's connection with 
Epstein. W
]
 Buckingham Palace stated that "any suggestion of impropriety with underage minors is categorically untrue", and 
later repeated the denia1.12-4O11 Requests from Giuffre's lawyers for a statement from Andrew about the allegations, under oath, 
were returned unanswered.121il= 
Dershowitz denied the allegations in Giuffre's statement and sought disbarment of the lawyers filing the suits 2M 21= Edwards 
and Cassell sued Dershowitz for defamation in January 2015; he countersued.= The two parties settled in 2016 for an 
undisclosed financial sum.1
 Epstein sued Edwards for civil meketeering but later dropped his suit; Edwards countersued for 
malicious prosecution with the result that Epstein issued a public apology to the lawyer in December 2018.== 
Giuffre asserted that she had sex with Andrew on three occasions, including a trip to London in 2001 when she was 17,E and 
later  in New York and on Little Saint James in the U.S. Virgin Islands.= She alleged Epstein paid her S15,000 after she had sex 
with Andrew in London. (21 Flight logs show Andrew and Giuffre were in the places she alleged their meetings took place.== 
Andrew and Giuffre were aiso photographed together with his arm round her waist, with an Epstein associate Ghislaine Maxwell 
in the backgrounds though Andrew's supporters have repeatedly said the photo is fake and edited.= Giuffre stated that she 
was pressured to fiave sex with Andrew and "wouldn't have dared object" as Epstein, through contacts, could have her "killed or 
abducted".[121
On 7 April 2015, Judge Kenneth Maine ruled that the "sex allegations made against Andrew in court papers filed in Florida must 
be struck from the public record".Mai Marra made no ruling as to whether claims by Giuffre are true or false, specifically 
stating that she may later give evidence when the case comes to court.= Giuffre stated she would not "be bullied back into 
Yuan "John" Alessi, who was Epstein's butler, stated in a deposition he filed for Giuffre's 2016 defamation case against Maxwell 
that Andrew's hitherto unremarked visits to the Epstein house in Palm Beach were more frequent than previously thought. He 
maintained that Andrew "spent weeks with us" and received "daily massages".ft 
In August 2019, court documents associated with a defamation case between Giuffre and Maxwell revealed that a second girls
Johanna Sjoberg, gave evidence alleging that Andrew had placed his hand on her breast while in Epstein's mansion posing for a 
photo with his Zpilitaglmage puppet.122) Later that month, Andrew released a statement that said, "At no stage during the limited 
time I spent with [Epstein] did I see, witness or suspect any behaviour of the sort that subsequently led to his arrest and 
conviction," though he expressed regret for meeting him in 2010 after Epstein had already pleaded guilty to sex crimes for the 
first time. r2bi At the end of August 2019 The New Republic published a September 2013 email exchange between John Brockman 
and Eygny Morozov in which Brockman mentioned seeing a British man nicknamed "Andy" receive a foot massage from two 
httpsfien.wikipedle.orghvildnince Andrew,Duke_of York 
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Prince Andrew, Duk 
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Russian women at Epstein's New York residence during his last visit to the mansion in 2010, an 
a 
of &Ma's foot massage was His Royal Highness, Prince Andrew, the Duke of York".(221
In Jul  2020, Caroline 'Cat
 na_ alleged victim of Epstein, said in a federal lawsuit that she had 
ork mansion in December 2010.P In November 2021 Lawrence Visoski, Epstein's pilot, testified in co 
w flew in Epstein's private plane along with other prominent individuals, includ 
an 
 
he 
otice any sexual activity or wrongdoing on the plane. 
Sin 
pilot David Rodgers in his logbook, and he testified that Andrew flew 
with Epstein and Giu 
following month a picture of Epstein and Maxwell, sitting at a cabin on the 
Queen's BalmoraLestate, around 1999, at the invitation of Andrew, was shown to the jury to establish their status as partners.= 
On 5 January 2022, Virginia GiufTre's former boyfriend, Anthony FiguCroa, said on Good Maiming Britain that Giuffre told him 
Epstein would take her to meet Prince Andrew. He said, "She called me when she was on the trip and she was talking about she 
knew what they wanted her to do and she was really nervous and scared because she didn't know how to react to it". He alleged 
the meeting had taken place in London.UJ In a court filing, Andrew's lawyers had previously referred to a statement by 
Figueroa's sister, Crystal Figueroa, who alleged that in her bid to find victims for Epstein, Giuffre had asked her, "Do you know 
any girls who are kind of shiny/4193J The same month, Carolyn Andriano, who as a 14-year-old was introduced by Giuffre to 
Ghislaine Maxwell and Jeffrey Epstein and was a prosecution witness in Maxwell's trial, said in an interview with the Day Mail 
that then 17-year-old Giuffre told her in 2001 that she had sly t with Prince Andrew. She stated, "And [Giuffre] said, 'I got to 
sleep with him'. She didn't seem upset about it. She thought it was pretty cool." 
in an in documentary, former myaLneetionaffica Paul Page recounted Maxwell's frequent visits tot 
ngham Palace, and 
suggested the two might h 
an intimate relationship, a05] while Lady Victoria Hervey added tha 
.resent at 
social occasions held by 
axwell. 
The Duke of York's name and contact numbers for Buckingham 
e, Sunninghill Park 
Wood Farm and Balmora 
appeared in Maxwell and Epstein's 'Little Black Book', a 1. 
contacts of thsitio1s,Rowerful and 
famous friends.= In February 2022, 
am.fr published a photograph o 
drew)along with kaxwell..kiving a tour 
of Buckingham Palace to Andrew's gues 
ill Clinto and Kevin Soca, with a member of the tour party descnbing Maxwell as 
"the one who led us into Buckingham Palace".11O-1—
Tina Brown a journalist who edited  Vanity Fair The New Yorker and The Daily Beast, maintains Epstein described Andrew 
behind his back as an idiot but found him useful. Brown stated, "Epstein confided to a friend that he used to fly Andrew to 
obscure foreign markets, where governments were obliged to receive him, and Epstein went along as HRH's investment adviser. 
With Andrew as &outman, Epstein could negotiate deals with these (often) shady players".= 
Newsnight interview 
Main ankle: ErincedadarthilitipacitScadal 
in November 2019, the B.liCs Newsnight arranged an interview between Andrew and presenter fmgyMaitlis in which he 
recounted his friendship with Epstein for the first time. a09-) In the interview, Prince Andrew says he met Epstein in 1999 through 
Maxwell. this contradicts comments made by Andrew's private secretary in 2011, who said the two met in "the early 1990s".= 
The Duke also said he did not regret his friendship with Epstein, saying "the people that i met and the opportunities that I was 
given to learn either by him or because of him were actually very useful".= 
In the interview, Andrew denied having sex with Giuffre on 10 March 2001, as she had accused, because he had been at home 
with his daughters after attending a party at FinaFamem in Woking with his elder daughter Beatrice.110= 
Prince Andrew 
also added that Giuffre's claims about dancing with him at a club in London while he was sweaty were false due to him 
temporarily losing the ability to sweat after an "adrenaline overdose" during the Falklands War.=1111) According to physicians 
consulted by The Times an adrenaline overdose typically causes excessive sweating in humans.Ulfl] He also said that he does not 
drink, despite Giuffre's account of him providing alcohol for them both.a111= 
Accounts from other people have supported his 
statement that he does not drink.U-121=Uni 
. 
.. 
said that he had sta edi • E. 
g 
tein' mano or three da s 
2010 after Epstein's conviction for sex offences against a 
mg the location as 
to stay". The Du 
aid that he met Epstein for the sole purpose of breaking 
off any future relationship with him. U221 He also said that he would be willing to testify under oath regarding his associations 
with Epstein.Uni 
In July 2022 it was announced that a film would be made of the preparations for the interview and the interview itself. Shooting 
was planned to start in November 2022. According to Deadline Scoop is being written by peter Moffat.= 
Civil lawsuit 
Main article: Ellginia Giuffre v. Prince Andrew 
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Duke of York - Widpedia 
In August 2020, anti-child trafficking protesters chanting  aed bile! aedophile!" referencin 
Buckingham Palace, and videos of the protest went viral. 
gust 2021, royal biographer 
Andrew's reputation with the public was damaged beyond repair.= 
In 2020, prosecutors seeking accmcs to Andrew made a formal mutual legal assistance regugg to the British government. afal It 
was reported in August 2021 that American authorities were pessimistic about being able to interview Andrew.= 
In January 2022, Andrew's social media accounts were deleted, his page on the royal family's website was rewritten in the past 
tense and his military affiliations and patronages were removed to put an emphasis on his departure from public life.= He also 
stopped using the style 11ManyaUliglumm (HRH) though it was not formally remove,dian In the same month, York Racecourse 
announced that it would rename the Duke of York Stakes,UJ and Prince Andrew Higfraighgul in Nova Scotia, which had 
announced two years earlier that it was considering a name change because the name "no longer reflects the values of the 
community",= stated that it would have a new name at the next academic year. ilfin In February 2022, IlelfamCity C.00wil and 
the Northern Ireland Assembly. decided not to fly a union flag for Andrew's birthday.= In the same month the Mid and East 
Antrim Borough Council announced that they would hold a debate in June 2022 regarding a motion to rename Prince Andrew 
Way in Camiglifergus.W121 On 27 April 2022 York City Council unanimously voted to remove Andrew's ftessIgatalkCity.= 
Eaehael Maskell i6211C.D11111 MP said Andrew was the "first to ever have their freedom removed".a2n There have also been 
calls to remove the Duke of York title.U24
thered outside 
maintained Prince 
In March 2022, Andrew made his first official appearance in months, helping the Queen to walk into Westminster Abbey for a 
memorial service for his father, the Duke of Edinburgh. Lini There was a mixed reaction by commentators to his presence, with 
some saying that it would send the wrong message to victims of sexual abuse "about how powerful men are able to absolve 
themselves from their conduct" and others arguing that his appearance was required as "a son, in memory of his father".U1-41
In June 2022, The Telegraph reported that Andrew had asked the Queen to be reinstated as Colonel of the Grenadier Guards, to 
use his HRH (His Royal Highness) title and to be allowed to appear at official events due to his position as a 'prince of the blood'. 
MO In the same month, he took part in private aspects of the Garter Day ceremony, including lunch and investiture of new 
members, but was excluded from the public procession following an intervention by his brother Charles and his nephew William
that banned him from appearing anywhere the public could see him. Andrew's name featured on one of the lists showing this was 
a last minute decision. 
In June 2022 Rachael Maskell MP introduced a Removal of Titles' bill in the House of Commons. If passed this bill will enable 
Andrew to be stripped of his Duke of York title and other titles. Maskell maintains 80% of York citizens want Andrew to lose all 
connection with their eity.U711 The proposed bill will also enable other people considered unworthy to lose their titles. The 
monarch or a committee of Parliament would be able to remove a title. U211 The bill is due to get its second reading on 9 
December 2022.11121
In August 2022, it was reported that the Executive Committee for the Protection of Royalty and Public Figures (RAVEC) had 
assessed the security threat against Andrew and concluded that he should keep his taxpayer-funded police bodyguards, at an 
annual cost estimated to be between £500,000 and £3 million.= In early 2021 there were at least two trespassing incidents 
reported at his Windsor property, and in December he was verbally abused by a woman as he was driving his care 
Following the fleathuf &conga on 8 September 2022, Andrew appeared in civilian clothing at various ceremonial events.UJ 
As he walked behind his mother's coffin in a funeral procession in Edinburgh on 12 September, a 22-year-old man shouted 
"Andrew, you're a sick old man"; the heckler was arrested and charged with committing a bregekofilma.= Andrew wore 
military uniform for a 15-minute vigil by the Queen's coffin at Westminster Hall on 16 September.= Lawyer Spencer Kuvin, 
who represented nine of Epstein's victims, was critical of Andrew's public role in the lead-up to the funeral and stated that "he is 
attempting now to see if he can rehabilitate his image in the public."= New York lawyer Mariann Wang, who represented up to 
12 Epstein's victims described Andrew's public profile as "quite outrageous" and "harmful for any survivor of trauma to see an 
abuser or their enablers continue to reap the benefits of privilege, status and power."LIBM 
Activities and charitable work 
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On 13 January 2022, it was announced that his royal patronages had been handed back to the Queen to be distributed among other 
members of the royal family.1121
Controversies and other incidents 
Special Representative for International Trade and Investment 
The Duke of York with 
Azerbaijani President ilham 
Aliyev, 2011 
From 2001 until July 2011, Andrew worked with 12Kinidetlnyeament, part of the Dg 
, Innovation and 
Skills, as the United Kingdom% Special Representative for International Trade and Investment. (2121 The post, previously held by 
ainceawaril, Duke of Kent involved representing and promoting the UK at various trade fairs and conferences around the 
world. all His suitability for the role was challenged in the House of Commons by Shadow Justice Minister Cluislayain in 
February 2011, at the time of the 2011 Libyan civil war on the grounds that he was "not only a very close friend of Sal f al-Islam 
Gaddafi but also ... a close friend of the convicted Libyan gun smuggler Tarek Kaituni".E22W= Further problems arose as he 
hosted a lunch for Sakher El Mated, a member of the corrupt Tunisian regime, at the Palace around the time of the Tunisian 
Bevolution.=,Andrew also formed a friendship with ilham Altycv, the president of Azerbaijan who has been criticised for 
corruption and for abuses of human rights by Amnesty International. and visited himlioth during and after his tenure as the UK 
trade envoy. As of November 2014, Andrew had met Aliyev, on 12 occasions. [2231 The controversies, together with his ties to 
Jeffrey Epstein, made him step down from the role in 201O224
Andrew did not receive a salary from the UK Trade & Investment for his role as Special Representative, but he went on expenses-
paid delegations and was alleged to have occasionally used trips paid for by the government for his personal leisure, which earned 
him the nickname "Airmiles Andy" by the press. 12221 On 8 March 2011, The Daily Telegraph reported: "In 2010, the Prince spent 
£620,000 as a trade envoy, including £154,000 on hotels, food and hospitality and £465,000 on travel."(22-4)
In NoVember 2020, and following reviews of emails, internal documents, and unreported regulatory filings as well as interviews 
with 10 former bank insiders, Bloomberg Businessweeh reported on Andrew using his royal cachet and role as Special 
Representative for International Trade and Investment for helping David Rowland and his private bank, &note Havilland, with 
securing deals with clients around the world.= The Rowland family arc among the investment advisers to Andrew, 12211 and he 
was present for the official opening ceremony of their bank in July 2009.= 
Alleged comments on corruption and Kazakhstan 
As the United Kingdom's Special Trade Representative, Andrew travelled the world to promote British businesses. It was revealed 
in the United States diplomatic cables leak that Andrew had been reported on by Tatiana Gfoeller, the United States Ambassador 
bayromitsn, discussing bribery in Kyrgyzstan and the investigation into the Al-Yamamah arms deal. The Duke, she explained, 
"was referencing an investigation, subsequently closed, into alleged kickbacks a senior Saudi royal had received in exchange for 
the multr-year, lucrative RAE Systems contract to provide equipment and training to Saudi security forces."(224 The dispatch 
continued: "His mother's subjects seated around the table roared their approval. He then went on to 'these (expletive) journalists, 
especially from the National Guardian [lig), who poke their noses everywhere' and (presumably) make it harder for British 
businessmen to do business. The crowd practically clapped!"Ul 
Earlier in 2010, it was revealed that the Kazakhstan President's billionaire son-in-law Timur Kulibaya paid Andrew's 
representatives LI5 million — £3 million over the asking price — via offshore companies, for Andrew's Surrey. mansion, 
fiunninghill Park. Kulibayev frequently appears in US dispatches as one of the men who have accumulated millions in gas-rich 
Kazakhstan.122.21 It was later revealed that Andrew's office tried to get a crown estate property close to Kensington Palace for 
Kulibayev at that time. 
In May 2012, it was reported that Swiss and Italian police investigating "a network of personal and business relationships" , 
allegedly used for "international corruption" were looking at the activities of Enviro Pacific Investments which charges "multi-
million pound fees" to energy companies wishing to deal with Kazakhstan. illli The trust is believed to have paid £6 million 
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